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Amsterdam has two universities: the University of Amsterdam (Universiteit van Amsterdam, UvA), and the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU). Other institutions for higher education include an art school – Gerrit Rietveld Academie, a university of applied sciences – the Hogeschool van Amsterdam, and the Amsterdamse Hogeschool voor de Kunsten.
Amsterdam in the meantime was growing to be a more important city. After the establishment of the Republic of the United Netherlands in 1572/1581, Dordrecht briefly became the seat of government of the United Provinces , residence of the States General, the Council of State and the Prince of Orange as Prince Stadtholder .
Traders, artists, burghers: A cultural history of Amsterdam in the 17th century (1976) Roekholt, Richter. A short history of Amsterdam (2004) Schama, Simon. The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age (1997) Shorto, Russell. Amsterdam: A History of the World's Most Liberal City. New York: Vintage Books 2014.
The city of Amsterdam is also part of several functional forms of regional government. These include the Waterschap (water board) of Amstel, Gooi en Vecht, which is responsible for water management, and the Stadsregio (City Region) of Amsterdam, which has responsibilities in the areas of spatial planning and public transport.
The first Amsterdam boroughs were created in 1981, with other boroughs created in later years. The last area to be granted the status of borough was Amsterdam-Centrum (2002). The existing system of seven boroughs, covering most parts of Amsterdam , is the result of a major borough reform in 2010.
Tourism in the Netherlands is a relatively small sector of the country's economy with a total contribution of 5.4% to gross domestic product and 9.6% to employment.In 2017 the Netherlands was visited by 17 million foreign tourists (with more than 5 million coming from Germany), making it the 20th most visited country in the world.
By Gwladys Fouche and Tom Little. OSLO (Reuters) -A tram derailed and crashed into a store in central Oslo on Tuesday, injuring the driver and at least three other people, Norwegian police said.
2006 - Amsterdam Film eXperience begins. 2007 KLIK! Amsterdam Animation Festival begins. Diamond Museum Amsterdam opens. Centrale Bibliotheek moves into new building. Amsterdam City Archives relocates to De Bazel building. De Schreeuw memorial erected in the Oosterpark. [43] 2008 - Amsterdam Holendrecht railway station opens. 2009 - H'ART ...