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To determine stress, syllable weight of the penult must be determined. To determine syllable weight, words must be broken up into syllables. [58] In the following examples, syllable structure is represented using these symbols: C (a consonant), K (a stop), R (a liquid), and V (a short vowel), VV (a long vowel or diphthong).
For example, a, ca, sca, scra are all light syllables for the purposes of Latin stress assignment. Any other syllable is "heavy": if it is closed (ended) by a consonant: an, can, scan, scran; if the vowel is long or a diphthong in Latin, or in the Latin transliteration of Greek: ā, cā, scā, scrā (a long vowel) or æ, cæ, scæ, scræ (a ...
Latin readers probably gave words their natural stress, so that the quantitative metrical pattern acted as an undercurrent to the stresses of natural speech. [10] Here, for example, is a line in dactylic hexameter from Virgil's Georgics when the words are given their natural stress: quíd fáciat laétas ségetes, quó sídere térram,
The same process also affects stressed front and back vowels in hiatus if they are antepenultimate (in the third-to-last syllable of a word). When /j/ is produced, primary stress shifts to the following vowel, but when /w/ is produced, primary stress shifts instead to the preceding syllable. Cf.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Latin on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Latin in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Syllable structure often interacts with stress or pitch accent. In Latin, for example, stress is regularly determined by syllable weight, a syllable counting as heavy if it has at least one of the following: a long vowel in its nucleus; a diphthong in its nucleus; one or more codas; In each case, the syllable is considered to have two morae.
An example in Latin: Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris Italiam fato profugus Laviniaque venit (Aeneid 1.1-2)The first syllable of the first word (arma) is heavy ("long by position") because it contains a short vowel (the A) followed by more than one consonant (R and then M)—and if not for the consonants coming after it, it would be light.
Other examples of elision in Latin literature include: Virgil's Aeneid Book I, Line 3: " litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto " is pronounced " litora, multillet terris iactatus et alto ", where " multillet " comprises three long syllables, or one and a half spondees .