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In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called tags (and their attributes), character-based data types, character references and entity references. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like < h1 > and </ h1 > , although some represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example < img > .
The Document Object Model (DOM) is a cross-platform and language-independent interface that treats an HTML or XML document as a tree structure wherein each node is an object representing a part of the document.
An HTML element is a type of HTML (HyperText Markup Language) document component, one of several types of HTML nodes (there are also text nodes, comment nodes and others). [vague] The first used version of HTML was written by Tim Berners-Lee in 1993 and there have since been many versions of HTML.
HTML5 is designed so that old browsers can safely ignore new HTML5 constructs. [8] In contrast to HTML 4.01, the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for lexing and parsing , with the intent that compliant browsers will produce the same results when parsing incorrect syntax. [ 126 ]
An empty element may be: An empty HTML element, one with tag(s) but no content (HTML element § Empty element)
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But which set of entities? In particular, HTML5 doesn't indicate the DTD to be used (it's implicit, by defined HTML5 behaviour outside the normal XML or SGML parsing models). Clearly (by observation), Mediawiki passes HTML 4 entities through as entities but anything else (including HTML5 entities) are &ersand; escaped.