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Aminoglycoside is a medicinal and bacteriologic category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside .
Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase (APH(3')), also known as aminoglycoside kinase, is an enzyme that primarily catalyzes the addition of phosphate from ATP to the 3'-hydroxyl group of a 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycoside, such as kanamycin. [2]
Amygdalin is a cyanogenic glycoside derived from the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine.Amygdalin and prunasin are common among plants of the family Rosaceae, particularly the genus Prunus, Poaceae (grasses), Fabaceae (legumes), and in other food plants, including flaxseed and manioc.
Glucosamine. In organic chemistry, an amino sugar is a sugar molecule in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amine group.More than 60 amino sugars are known, with one of the most abundant being N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (a 2-amino-2-deoxysugar), which is the main component of chitin.
Actinomycetota-derived antibiotics that are important in medicine include aminoglycosides, anthracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolide, tetracyclines, etc. [citation needed] Actinomycetota have high guanine and cytosine content in their DNA. [21] The G+C content of Actinomycetota can be as high as 70%, though some may have a low G+C content. [22]
Hygromycin B was originally developed in the 1950s for use with animals and is still added into swine and chicken feed as an anthelmintic or anti-worming agent (product name: Hygromix). Hygromycin B is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus, a bacterium isolated in 1953 from a soil sample. Resistance genes were discovered in the early 1980s.
The production of cyanogenic glycosides is an evolutionarily conserved function, appearing in species as old as ferns and as recent as angiosperms. [6] These compounds are made by around 3,000 species. In screens they are found in about 11% of cultivated plants but only 5% of plants overall; humans seem to have selected for them. [6]
Erythromycin.The macrolide ring is the lactone (cyclic ester) at upper left. Clarithromycin Roxithromycin. Macrolides are a class of mostly natural products with a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached.