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Detail from The Extraction of the Stone of Madness, a painting by Hieronymus Bosch depicting trepanation (c. 1488–1516). Trepanning, also known as trepanation, trephination, trephining or making a burr hole (the verb trepan derives from Old French from Medieval Latin trepanum from Greek trúpanon, literally "borer, auger"), [1] [2] is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or ...
[1] [2] [3] Raised intracranial pressure is very often debilitating or fatal because it causes compression of the brain and restricts cerebral blood flow. The aim of decompressive craniectomy is to reduce this pressure. The part of the skull that is removed is called a bone flap.
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure exerted by fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the skull and on the brain tissue. ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury and at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult. This equals to 9–20 cmH 2 O, which is a common scale used in lumbar punctures. [1]
It also has its therapeutic value as the operation provides structure to the skull and protection to the brain from physical damage. [1] [6] The surgery restores regular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cerebral blood flow dynamics, along with normal intracranial pressure. [1] [3] Cranioplasty may improve neurological function in some individuals.
A craniectomy is a surgery that removes a portion of the skull — in this case to address the blood pooling around the brain. ... doctors remove part of the skull to reduce pressure in the brain, ...
A small percentage of people may require surgery to relieve the pressure. [2] About 2 per 100,000 people are newly affected per year. [4] The condition most commonly affects women aged 20–50. [2] Women are affected about 20 times more often than men. [2] The condition was first described in 1897. [1]
Surgeons perform such procedures following strokes or traumatic brain injuries to relieve pressure and allow a swollen or herniating brain to expand, according to the American Heart Association ...
The rotating crank is typically connected to several cogs that set pressure on the skull. This specific drill is not connected to any external power and is used very little in today's operations. [9] The manual cranial drill is the most used and predominant type of drill in surgery, and performs manually. It has an adjusted stopper based on the ...