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Close-up of prolapsed gland in small breed dog. KCS is not common in dogs, affecting one per cent of the dog population. [9] KCS is a chronic degenerative conjunctivitis that can lead to impaired vision and blindness. [2] KCS has a wide array of causes including drug toxicity, cherry eye, previous surgery, trauma, and irradiation. [2]
The nictitating membrane of a masked lapwing as it closes over the left eye, originating from the medial canthus. The nictitating membrane (from Latin nictare, to blink) is a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye from the medial canthus to protect and moisten it while maintaining vision.
The plica semilunaris is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye.It functions during movement of the eye, to help maintain tear drainage via the lacrimal lake, and to permit greater rotation of the globe, for without the plica the conjunctiva would attach directly to the eyeball, restricting movement. [1]
When hormonal treatment is appropriate, doctors may choose to start treatment early, right after the diagnosis is made, or wait until the cancer has begun to grow. For men with advanced prostate cancer early hormonal treatment probably lowers the risk of dying from any cause, including dying from prostate cancer without severely affecting ...
The 4Kscore combines total, free, and intact PSA with human kallikrein 2. [46] It is used to try to determine the risk of a Gleason score greater than 6. [46] The Prostate Health Index (PHI) is a PSA-based blood test for early prostate cancer screening. It may be used to determine when a biopsy is needed.
Venereal granulomata on a dog's penis. A canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), also known as a transmissible venereal tumor (TVT), canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS), sticker tumor and infectious sarcoma, is a histiocytic tumor of the external genitalia of the dog and other canines, and is transmitted from animal to animal during mating.
Histiocytoma is a benign skin tumor that is more frequent in young dogs (<4 years), and often regresses without treatment. [ 165 ] Malignant histiocytosis ( histiocytic sarcoma ) is an aggressive cancer found primarily in certain breeds including the Bernese Mountain Dog , rottweiler , golden retriever and flat coated retriever .
The Harderian gland is a gland found within the eye's orbit that occurs in tetrapods (reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals) that possess a nictitating membrane. [1] The gland can be compound tubular or compound tubuloalveolar, and the fluid it secretes (mucous, serous or lipid) varies between different groups of animals.