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In gauge theory, topological Yang–Mills theory, also known as the theta term or -term is a gauge-invariant term which can be added to the action for four-dimensional field theories, first introduced by Edward Witten. [1]
In work with Andreas Karch, he uncovered a web of dualities in 3d gauge theories. [9] Tong is known for his widely watched videos on theoretical physics, including a Royal Institution lecture on quantum field theory, [10] and a Quanta Magazine primer on the Standard Model. [11]
In theoretical physics, more specifically in quantum field theory and supersymmetry, supersymmetric Yang–Mills, also known as super Yang–Mills and abbreviated to SYM, is a supersymmetric generalization of Yang–Mills theory, which is a gauge theory that plays an important part in the mathematical formulation of forces in particle physics.
In quantum field theory, the theta vacuum is the semi-classical vacuum state of non-abelian Yang–Mills theories specified by the vacuum angle θ that arises when the state is written as a superposition of an infinite set of topologically distinct vacuum states.
Seiberg–Witten theory; Six-dimensional holomorphic Chern–Simons theory; Slavnov–Taylor identities; Soft photon; Stable Yang–Mills connection; Stable Yang–Mills–Higgs pair; Stueckelberg action; Supersymmetric gauge theory; Synthetic gauge field
Gauge symmetry is an example of a local symmetry, with the symmetry described by a Lie group (which mathematically describe continuous symmetries), which in the context of gauge theory is called the gauge group of the theory. Quantum chromodynamics and quantum electrodynamics are famous examples of gauge theories.
The concept and the name of gauge theory derives from the work of Hermann Weyl in 1918. [1] Weyl, in an attempt to generalize the geometrical ideas of general relativity to include electromagnetism, conjectured that Eichinvarianz or invariance under the change of scale (or "gauge") might also be a local symmetry of general relativity.
A gauge theory is a type of theory in physics. The word gauge means a measurement , a thickness, an in-between distance (as in railroad tracks ), or a resulting number of units per certain parameter (a number of loops in an inch of fabric or a number of lead balls in a pound of ammunition ). [ 1 ]