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Colloidal gold is a sol or colloidal suspension of nanoparticles of gold in a fluid, usually water. [1] The colloid is coloured usually either wine red (for spherical particles less than 100 nm) or blue-purple (for larger spherical particles or nanorods). [2]
Gold clusters in cluster chemistry can be either discrete molecules or larger colloidal particles. Both types are described as nanoparticles , with diameters of less than one micrometer. A nanocluster is a collective group made up of a specific number of atoms or molecules held together by some interaction mechanism. [ 1 ]
A nanoshell, or rather a nanoshell plasmon, is a type of spherical nanoparticle consisting of a dielectric core which is covered by a thin metallic shell (usually gold). [1] These nanoshells involve a quasiparticle called a plasmon which is a collective excitation or quantum plasma oscillation where the electrons simultaneously oscillate with ...
A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is a particle of matter 1 to 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter. [1] [2] The term is sometimes used for larger particles, up to 500 nm, or fibers and tubes that are less than 100 nm in only two directions.
These nanoparticles can be used to prepare a wide range of colloidal crystals with sub-nanometer level precision (Fig. 2). [7] Polyvalent DNA gold nanoparticles also form the basis for a new field of chemistry where a particle can be viewed as an “atom” and the DNA as “bonds” to make higher-order materials. [8] Figure 2.
Gold nanoparticle filled and core-less spherical nucleic acid structures (SNAs). [ 1 ] Due to their structure and function, SNAs occupy a materials space distinct from DNA nanotechnology and DNA origami , [ 20 ] [ 21 ] (although both are important to the field of nucleic acid–guided programmable materials. [ 22 ]
Whereas gold nanoparticles absorb light in the visible spectrum of light (at about 550 nm), gold nanocages absorb light in the near-infrared, [2] where biological tissues absorb the least light. Because they are also biocompatible, gold nanocages are promising as a contrast agent for optical coherence tomography .
Not all the clusters are stable. The stability of nanoclusters depends on the number of atoms in the nanocluster, valence electron counts and encapsulating scaffolds. [22] In the 1990s, Heer and his coworkers used supersonic expansion of an atomic cluster source into a vacuum in the presence of an inert gas and produced atomic cluster beams. [21]
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