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Obsidian has also been found in Gilat, a site in the western Negev in Israel. Eight obsidian artifacts dating to the Chalcolithic Age found at this site were traced to obsidian sources in Anatolia. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) on the obsidian found at this site helped to reveal trade routes and exchange networks previously unknown. [52]
In fact, the mountains are named for the numerous deposits of obsidian found on their slopes. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] [ 24 ] There is a wide variety of high-quality obsidian found in the area including jet black, brown, green, red fire, pumpkin, mahogany, midnight lace, rainbow, gold sheen, silver sheen, and snowflake as well as several double flow varieties.
A 40,000-year-old obsidian tool was found in Syria that was made from Golludag obsidian. [3] The areas where obsidian was processed locally may be the earliest such workshops in the world. In 1996, it was determined that the early humans passed through this area during their transition from Africa to Europe.
In 2018, evidence dating to about 320,000 years ago was found at Olorgesailie of the early emergence of complex and modern behaviors, possibly associated with early Homo sapiens, including: the trade and long-distance transportation of resources (such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points.
The Chivay obsidian source (15.6423° S, 71.5355° W, 4972 masl) is the geological origin of a chemical group of obsidian that is found throughout the south-central Andean highlands including southern Peru and western Bolivia.
Obsidian projectile point.. Obsidian is a naturally formed volcanic glass that was an important part of the material culture of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.Obsidian was a highly integrated part of daily and ritual life, and its widespread and varied use may be a significant contributor to Mesoamerica's lack of metallurgy.
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In the past, the area was also used as a source for obsidian; [36] obsidian from Hombre Muerto has been found in Holocene archeological sites at Antofagasta de la Sierra. [37] The name "Salar del Hombre Muerto" means "Salt Pan of the Dead Man" [38] and may be a reference to the presence of mummies in the area. [39]