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Cervix in relation to upper part of vagina and posterior portion of uterus, showing difference in covering epithelium of inner structures. Infection with some types of HPV is the greatest risk factor for cervical cancer, followed by smoking. [41] HIV infection is also a risk factor. [41]
Benign or malignant; simple or complex An adnexal mass is a lump in the tissue of the adnexa of the uterus (structures which are closely related structurally and functionally to the uterus, such as the ovaries , fallopian tubes , or any of the surrounding connective tissue ).
Cervical cancer is the abnormal growth of the cells that line the cervix, resulting in the cells growing out of control and potentially spreading to areas outside of the cervix. [14] The cervix is the lower part of the uterus. It connects the upper part of the uterus with the vagina. The cervix is divided into two parts based on the types of cells.
Carcinosarcoma of the uterus. In gross appearance, MMMTs are fleshier than adenocarcinomas, may be bulky and polypoid, and sometimes protrude through the cervical os.On histology, the tumors consist of adenocarcinoma (endometrioid, serous or clear cell) mixed with the malignant mesenchymal elements; alternatively, the tumor may contain two distinct and separate epithelial and mesenchymal ...
A “pap smear” may also be done to brush the sides of the cervix to collect cells for testing and to look at under a microscope. A dilatation and curettage is often done to collect a sample of uterine lining tissue. An ultrasound is also often performed to look for tumors. [14]
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is best defined separately:Neuroendocrine: Of, relating to, or involving the interaction between the nervous system and the hormones of the endocrine glands. Carcinoma: An invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.
179 Malignant neoplasm of uterus, part unspecified; 180 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri; 181 Malignant neoplasm of placenta; 182 Malignant neoplasm of body of uterus. 182.0 Corpus uteri, except isthmus. Endometrial cancer; 183 Malignant neoplasm of ovary and other uterine adnexa; 184 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified female genital ...