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A half-space can be either open or closed. An open half-space is either of the two open sets produced by the subtraction of a hyperplane from the affine space. A closed half-space is the union of an open half-space and the hyperplane that defines it. The open (closed) upper half-space is the half-space of all (x 1, x 2, ..., x n) such that x n ...
One application of log structures is the ability to define logarithmic forms (also called differential forms with log poles) on any log scheme. From this, one can for instance define log-smoothness and log-étaleness, generalizing the notions of smooth morphisms and étale morphisms. This then allows the study of deformation theory.
Semi-log plot of the Internet host count over time shown on a logarithmic scale. A logarithmic scale (or log scale) is a method used to display numerical data that spans a broad range of values, especially when there are significant differences between the magnitudes of the numbers involved.
A convex set (in pink), a supporting hyperplane of (the dashed line), and the supporting half-space delimited by the hyperplane which contains (in light blue).. In geometry, a supporting hyperplane of a set in Euclidean space is a hyperplane that has both of the following two properties: [1]
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The first part of this joke relies on the fact that the primitive (formed when finding the antiderivative) of the function 1/x is log().The second part is then based on the fact that the antiderivative is actually a class of functions, requiring the inclusion of a constant of integration, usually denoted as C—something which calculus students may forget.
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Because log(x) is the sum of the terms of the form log(1 + 2 −k) corresponding to those k for which the factor 1 + 2 −k was included in the product P, log(x) may be computed by simple addition, using a table of log(1 + 2 −k) for all k. Any base may be used for the logarithm table. [53]