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  2. Sodium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel

    An alpha subunit forms the core of the channel and is functional on its own. When the alpha subunit protein is expressed by a cell, it is able to form a pore in the cell membrane that conducts Na + in a voltage-dependent way, even if beta subunits or other known modulating proteins are not expressed. When accessory proteins assemble with α ...

  3. Voltage-gated sodium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_sodium_channel

    An alpha subunit forms the core of the channel and is functional on its own. When the alpha subunit protein is expressed by a cell, it is able to form a pore in the cell membrane that conducts Na + in a voltage-dependent way, even if beta subunits or other known modulating proteins are not expressed. When accessory proteins assemble with α ...

  4. Cell membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane

    Illustration of a eukaryotic cell membrane Comparison of a eukaryotic vs. a prokaryotic cell membrane. The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

  5. Voltage-gated ion channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_ion_channel

    The open conformation of the ion channel allows for the translocation of ions across the cell membrane, while the closed conformation does not. Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels that are activated by changes in a cell's electrical membrane potential near the channel. The membrane potential ...

  6. Epithelial sodium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epithelial_sodium_channel

    The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), (also known as amiloride-sensitive sodium channel) is a membrane-bound ion channel that is selectively permeable to sodium ions (Na +).It is assembled as a heterotrimer composed of three homologous subunits α or δ, β, and γ, [2] These subunits are encoded by four genes: SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1G, and SCNN1D.

  7. Sodium–hydrogen antiporter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium–hydrogen_antiporter

    The membrane pump is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis of pH and sodium. [1] Defects in Na+/H+ antiporters may result in heart or kidney failure. [ 2 ] Angiotensin II upregulates this antiporter in the proximal convoluted tubule in order to promote Na + reabsorption and H + secretion.

  8. Nuclear pore complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_pore_complex

    The count of nuclear pore complexes varies across cell types and different stages of the cell's life cycle, with approximately 1,000 NPCs typically found in vertebrate cells. [12] The human nuclear pore complex (hNPC) is a substantial structure, with a molecular weight of 120 megadaltons (MDa). [ 13 ]

  9. Ionophore - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionophore

    The structure of the complex of sodium (Na +) and the antibiotic monensin A Structure of a potassium complex of a crown ether, a synthetic ionophore-ion complex. Biological activities of metal ion-binding compounds can be changed in response to the increment of the metal concentration, and based on the latter compounds can be classified as "metal ionophores", "metal chelators" or "metal ...