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Economic order quantity (EOQ), also known as financial purchase quantity or economic buying quantity, [citation needed] is the order quantity that minimizes the total holding costs and ordering costs in inventory management. It is one of the oldest classical production scheduling models.
The total cost will minimized when the ordering cost and the carrying cost equal to each other. While customer order a significant quantities of products, cycle inventory would be able to save cost and act as a buffer for the company to purchase more supplies. [5] 4. In-transit Inventory [7]
The disadvantages of planning a small batch are that there will be costs of frequent ordering, and a high risk of interruption of production because of a small product inventory. [12] Somewhere between the large and small batch quantity is the optimal batch quantity, i.e. the quantity in which the cost per product unit is the lowest. [12]
Therefore, in order to get the optimal production quantity we need to set holding cost per year equal to ordering cost per year and solve for quantity (Q), which is the EPQ formula mentioned below. Ordering this quantity will result in the lowest total inventory cost per year.
There are several costs associated with inventory: Ordering cost; Setup cost; Holding cost; Shortage costs (the costs arising out of inability to supply, including lost revenue, reputational damage, and potential loss of customer loyalty). [15]
Under VMI, the retailer shares their inventory data with a vendor (sometimes called supplier) such that the vendor is the decision-maker who determines the order size, whereas in traditional inventory management, the retailer (sometimes called distributor or buyer) makes his or her own decisions regarding the order size.
The total cost is given by the sum of setup costs, purchase order cost, stockout cost and inventory carrying cost: (,) = + [(,)] + (,) What changes with this approach is the computation of the optimal reorder point:
There is a setup cost s t incurred for each order and there is an inventory holding cost i t per item per period (s t and i t can also vary with time if desired). The problem is how many units x t to order now to minimize the sum of setup cost and inventory cost. Let us denote inventory: