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It was approved by voters in a referendum held as part of a special election on 10 October. On the same day voters approved two other major political reforms, Proposition 4, which granted women the vote, and Proposition 7, which introduced the initiative and the optional referendum. Proposition 8 added Article 23 of the Constitution of California.
In California, a ballot proposition is a referendum or an initiative measure that is submitted to the electorate for a direct decision or direct vote (or plebiscite). If passed, it can alter one or more of the articles of the Constitution of California , one or more of the 29 California Codes , or another law in the California Statutes by ...
Proposition 7 of 1911 (or Senate Constitutional Amendment No. 22) [1] was an amendment of the Constitution of California that introduced, for the first time, the initiative and the optional referendum. Prior to 1911 the only form of direct democracy in California was the compulsory referendum. [2]
Granting women the constitutional right to vote in California. Proposition 7 (1911) Passed: Establishing the constitutional direct democracy powers of initiative and referendum in California. Proposition 8 (1911) Passed: Establishing the constitutional direct democracy power of recall in California. Proposition 14 (1964)
Initiatives and referendums—collectively known as "ballot measures", "propositions", or simply "questions"—differ from most legislation passed by representative democracies; ordinarily, an elected legislative body develops and passes laws. Initiatives and referendums, by contrast, allow citizens to vote directly on legislation.
Proposition 32, a statewide ballot initiative to increase California's current $16 minimum wage by $2 for all employees by 2026, appeared to be in a closer race but headed toward failure.
In 2024, 326 bills related to initiative, referendum and recall were introduced in state legislatures and 33 of the bills were enacted (10.12%), including the four ballot measures to be decided on ...
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