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See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion. Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound. The symbol g 0 is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid confusion with the (upright) g symbol for gram.
Volume fraction, which is widely used in chemistry (commonly denoted as v/v), is defined as the volume of a particular component divided by the sum of all components in the mixture when they are measured separately. For example, to make 100 mL of 50% alc/vol ethanol solution, water would be added to 50 mL of ethanol to make up exactly 100 mL.
473.18 mL: 1 US pt = 16 US fl oz: 16.65 imp oz: 1 US pint. pint (imp.) 568.26 mL: 19.2 US fl oz: 1 imp. pt = 20 imp oz: Beer sales in Britain and the Commonwealth are based on multiples of 1 ⁄ 3, 1 ⁄ 2, and full imperial pints. [note 2] Imperial-measure glasses were 568 mL, and metric-measure glasses round up to 570 mL. Beer bottles in the ...
Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...
Conversion of units is the conversion of the unit of measurement in which a quantity is expressed, typically through a multiplicative conversion factor that changes the unit without changing the quantity. This is also often loosely taken to include replacement of a quantity with a corresponding quantity that describes the same physical property.
A US fluid ounce is 1 / 16 of a US pint (about 1·04 UK fluid ounces or 29.6 mL); a UK fluid ounce is 1 / 20 of a UK pint (about 0·96 US fluid ounce or 28.4 mL). On a larger scale, perhaps for institutional cookery, a UK gallon is 8 UK pints (160 UK fluid ounces; about 1·2 US gallons or 4.546 litres), whereas the US gallon is ...
In the early 19th century, the arrátel was evaluated at 459 g (16.2 oz). [50] In the 15th century, the arrátel was of 14 ounces of Colonha or 400.6 g (14.13 oz). The Portuguese libra was the same as 2 arráteis. There were also arráteis of 12.5 and 13 ounces and libras of 15 and 16 ounces. The Troyes or Tria standard was also used.
Such scales are used to make the most accurate of fine measurements, such as in the needs of empirical chemistry. Avoirdupois (/ ˌ æ v ər d ə ˈ p ɔɪ z, ˌ æ v w ɑːr dj uː ˈ p w ɑː /; [1] abbreviated avdp.) [2] is a measurement system of weights that uses pounds and ounces as units. [3] [4] It was first commonly used in the 13th ...