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It is possible to measure the full 20 Hz–20 kHz range using a sweep (though distortion for a fundamental above 10 kHz is inaudible). Measurements for calculating the THD are made at the output of a device under specified conditions. The THD is usually expressed in percent or in dB relative to the fundamental as distortion attenuation.
Vinyl microgroove phonograph records typically yield 55-65 dB, though the first play of the higher-fidelity outer rings can achieve a dynamic range of 70 dB. [25] German magnetic tape in 1941 was reported to have had a dynamic range of 60 dB, [26] though modern-day restoration experts of such tapes note 45-50 dB as the observed dynamic range. [27]
The unit dB FS or dBFS is defined in AES Standard AES17-1998, [13] IEC 61606, [14] and ITU-T Recs. P.381 [15] and P.382, [16] such that the RMS value of a full-scale sine wave is designated 0 dB FS. This means a full-scale square wave would have an RMS value of +3 dB FS.
SFDR is usually measured in dBc (i.e. with respect to the carrier signal amplitude) or in dBFS (i.e. with respect to the ADC's full-scale range). Depending on the test condition, SFDR is observed within a pre-defined frequency window or from DC up to Nyquist frequency of the converter (ADC or DAC). [1]
Most modern quality amplifiers have >110 dB dynamic range, [7] which approaches that of the human ear, usually taken as around 130 dB. See Programme levels. Phase distortion, Group delay, and Phase delay A perfect audio component will maintain the phase coherency of a signal over the full range of frequencies. Phase distortion can be extremely ...
A signal is applied to the input such that the output increases by 12 dB. The level of the signal needed to produce this is noted. In this case, it was found to be 0.25 microvolts. According to the radio designer, intelligible speech can be detected 12 dB above the receiver's noise floor (noise and distortion).
dBc (decibels relative to the carrier) is the power ratio of a signal to a carrier signal, expressed in decibels.For example, phase noise is expressed in dBc/Hz at a given frequency offset from the carrier. dBc can also be used as a measurement of Spurious-Free Dynamic Range between the desired signal and unwanted spurious outputs resulting from the use of signal converters such as a digital ...
In particular, the introduction of Dolby B noise reduction on cassette recorders was found to make them sound a full 10.2 dB less noisy, yet they did not measure 10.2 dB better. Various new methods were then devised, including one which used a harsher weighting filter and a quasi-peak rectifier, defined as part of the German DIN2 45500 Hi-Fi ...
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