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In medicine, myopathy is a disease of the muscle [1] in which the muscle fibers do not function properly. Myopathy means muscle disease (Greek : myo- muscle + patheia -pathy : suffering). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("neuropathies" or "neurogenic" disorders) or elsewhere (e.g., the ...
Distal muscular dystrophy, also called distal myopathy, is essentially any muscle disease that preferentially affects the hands and/or feet, a much less common pattern than proximal muscle weakness. Late adult-onset type 1; Late adult-onset type 2a; Late adult-onset type 2b; Early adult-onset type 1; Early adult-onset type 2; Early adult-onset ...
Mitochondrial myopathies are types of myopathies associated with mitochondrial disease. [1] Adenosine triphosphate (), the chemical used to provide energy for the cell, cannot be produced sufficiently by oxidative phosphorylation when the mitochondrion is either damaged or missing necessary enzymes or transport proteins.
Metabolic myopathies are myopathies that result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle. They are generally genetic defects ( inborn errors of metabolism ) that interfere with the ability to create energy, causing a low ATP reservoir within the muscle cell.
Inflammatory myopathy, also known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), is disease featuring muscle weakness, inflammation of muscles , and in some types, muscle pain . The cause of much inflammatory myopathy is unknown ( idiopathic ), and such cases are classified according to their symptoms and signs , electromyography , MRI , and ...
One autosomal recessive form of HIBM is known as IBM2 or GNE myopathy, which is a common genetic disorder amongst people of Iranian Jewish descent. [1] IBM2 has also been identified in other minorities throughout the world, including those of Asian, European, and South American, and Middle Eastern descent.
Bethlem myopathy 1 is a rare disease, affecting about 1 in 200,000 people. [8] Bethlem myopathy 2 is an ultra-rare disease, affecting less than 1 in 1,000,000 people. [9] The condition was described by J. Bethlem and G. K. van Wijngaarden in 1976. [10]
Common types of myopathy due to statins include myalgia, myositis, and rhabdomyolysis. Statins induce myopathy by inhibiting protein synthesis within the muscle. [6] Statin therapy tends to not show any histopathological differences, and thus a biopsy does not reveal too much about the damage. Often, the damage is found within the mitochondria. [1]