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Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. [5] The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. [6]
He later won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Interferon was scarce and expensive until 1980, when the interferon gene was inserted into bacteria using recombinant DNA technology, allowing mass cultivation and purification from bacterial cultures [84] or derived from yeasts. Interferon can also be produced by recombinant mammalian cells. [85]
CXCL10 is secreted by several cell types in response to IFN-γ.These cell types include monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. [5] CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes/macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and ...
Human interferon alpha-2 (IFNα2) is a cytokine belonging to the family of type I IFNs. IFNα2 is a protein secreted by cells infected by a virus and acting on other cells to inhibit viral infection. The first description of IFNs as a cellular agent interfering with viral replication was made by Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann in 1957.
An inflammatory cytokine is a type of cytokine (a signaling molecule) that is secreted from immune cells and certain other cell types that promotes inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are predominantly produced by T helper cells ( T h ) and macrophages and involved in the upregulation of inflammatory reactions. [ 1 ]
When released, they signal to infected cells and other nearby cells that a pathogen is present. [9] This signal is passed from one cell to another by binding of the interferon to a cell surface receptor on a naïve cell. [10] The receptor and interferon are taken inside the cell while bound to initiate expression of ISGs. [10]
Biological age is a measure of how healthy a person's cells and organs are, but scientists don't agree on the definition.
The human interferon-gamma receptor complex consists the heterodimer of two chains: IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. [2] [3] In unstimulated cells, these subunits are not preassociated with each other but rather associate through their intracellular domains with inactive forms of specific Janus family kinases (Jak1 and Jak2).