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The output of strategic planning includes documentation and communication describing the organization's strategy and how it should be implemented, sometimes referred to as the strategic plan. [ citation needed ] The strategy may include a diagnosis of the competitive situation, a guiding policy for achieving the organization's goals, and ...
Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve goals are usually limited. Strategy generally involves setting goals and priorities, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions. [4] A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means (resources). [5]
Strategic management tools. In the field of management, strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by an organization's managers on behalf of stakeholders, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization operates.
The satisfaction of goals should be reviewed on a monthly basis, with a larger annual review at the end of the year. [3] Performance measurement is also a key part of the process. [5] Hoshin Kanri is a top-down approach, with the goals being mandated by management and the implementation being performed by employees.
Business policy was a term then current for what has come to be called strategic management. [30]) The first chapter of the textbook stated, without using the acronym, the four components of SWOT and their division into internal and external appraisal: Deciding what strategy should be is, at least ideally, a rational undertaking.
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. [1] Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.
This framework enables the individual setting the goal to have a precise understanding of the expected outcomes, while the evaluator has concrete criteria for assessment. The SMART acronym is linked to Peter Drucker's management by objectives (MBO) concept, illustrating its foundational role in strategic planning and performance management. [4]
Goal setting may have the drawback of inhibiting implicit learning if the required knowledge and strategic awareness are not in place: goal setting may encourage simple focus on an outcome without openness to exploration, understanding, or growth and result in lower performance than simply encouraging people to "do their best".