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There are several common causes of urinary incontinence, which can be a short or long-term problem. Treatment often depends on the cause. Learn more.
Urinary incontinence can result from both urologic and non-urologic causes. Urologic causes can be classified as either bladder dysfunction or urethral sphincter incompetence and may include detrusor overactivity, poor bladder compliance, urethral hypermobility, or intrinsic sphincter deficiency.
[5] [6] Conversely, about 40% to 70% of urinary incontinence is due to overactive bladder. [7] Overactive bladder is not life-threatening, [1] but most people with the condition have problems for years. [1] The cause of overactive bladder is unknown. [1] Risk factors include obesity, caffeine, and constipation. [5]
Anticholinergic side effects of certain medications (for example, certain antipsychotics and antidepressants) may cause urinary retention which may lead to overflow incontinence. Alpha-adrenergic agonists may cause urinary retention by stimulating the contraction of the urethral sphincter.
This can cause the inability to void urine even if the bladder is full and cause a large bladder capacity. The internal urinary sphincter can contract normally, however urinary incontinence is common. This type of neurogenic bladder is caused by damage to the peripheral nerves that travel from the spinal cord to the bladder. [5]
Common (1–10% incidence) adverse effects include decreased appetite, nausea, dry mouth, urinary incontinence, and rashes. [30] Guanfacine has been reported to cause high rates of somnolence in children with ADHD, for instance 73% with guanfacine versus 6% with placebo in one trial. [31] [32]
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