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The differences observed by Hayward and Venrick in carbon-fixation rates (0.2–2.0 grams carbon/(meter-squared × day)) show the heterogeneous nature of the California Current, with its combination of advected (see advection) and upwelled water. Several studies have investigated the carbon flow from primary production to the pelagic fish ...
In 2010, retailers of modern CODAR equipments guarantee an accuracy typically < 7 cm/s of the total current velocity and 1–2 cm of the tidal component, in normal environment condition. [13] However, the accuracy of the system depends on several factors, such as signal-to-noise ratios, geometry and pointing errors.
In special and general relativity, the four-current (technically the four-current density) [1] is the four-dimensional analogue of the current density, with units of charge per unit time per unit area. Also known as vector current, it is used in the geometric context of four-dimensional spacetime, rather than separating time from three ...
An example is the tropical Pacific Ocean where trade winds blow with 5–9 m/s and the ocean current velocities can exceed 1 m/s. [13] In this region, depending on if it is an El Niño or La Niña state, the wind stress difference (resting ocean wind stress minus relative wind stress) can vary between negative and positive, respectively.
This return flow, as shown by Stommel, [1] occurs in a meridional current, concentrated near the western boundary of an ocean basin. To balance the vorticity source induced by the wind stress forcing, Stommel introduced a linear frictional term in the Sverdrup equation, functioning as the vorticity sink.
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This is associated with a decrease in the speed of current; eastward directed speeds at the surface are typically less than 0.05 m/s (5 cm/s) in the central Pacific. As the NPC approaches the west coast of North America, it divides into two broad currents: the northward flowing Alaska Current and the southward flowing California Current.
The South Pacific Gyre, like its northern counterpart, is one of the largest ecosystems on Earth with an area that accounts for around 10% of the global ocean surface area. [20] Within this massive area is Point Nemo , the location on Earth that is farthest away from all continental landmass (2,688 km away from the closest land). [ 21 ]