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  2. Respiratory system of gastropods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system_of...

    The pulmonates have lost their gills [1] and adapted the mantle cavity into a pallial lung. The lung has a single opening on the right side, called the pneumostome, which either remains permanently open, or opens and closes as the animal breathes. The roof of the lung is highly vascularised, and it is through this surface that gas exchange occurs.

  3. Aquatic respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_respiration

    All aquatic amniotes (reptiles, birds and mammals) have thick and impermeable cutes that preclude cutaneous respiration, and thus rely solely on the lungs to breathe air. When underwater, the animal is essentially holding its breath and has to routinely return to the surface to breathe in new air. Therefore, all amniote animals, even those that ...

  4. Gill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gill

    Aquatic respiration – Process whereby an aquatic animal obtains oxygen from water; Artificial gills (human) – Hypothetical devices to extract oxygen from water; Book lung – Type of lung commonly found in arachnids; Fish gill – Organ that allows fish to breathe underwater

  5. Fish gill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_gill

    The shared trait of breathing via gills in bony fish and cartilaginous fish is a famous example of symplesiomorphy. Bony fish are more closely related to terrestrial vertebrates, which evolved out of a clade of bony fishes that breathe through their skin or lungs, than they are to the sharks, rays, and the other cartilaginous fish. Their kind ...

  6. Aquatic animal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_animal

    Unlike the more common gill-bearing aquatic animals, these air-breathing animals have lungs (which are homologous to the swim bladders in bony fish) and need to surface periodically to change breaths, but their ranges are not restricted by oxygen saturation in water, although salinity changes can still affect their physiology to an extent.

  7. Lungfish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungfish

    When breathing air, the spiral valve of the conus arteriosus closes (minimizing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood), the third and fourth gill arches open, the second and fifth gill arches close (minimizing the possible loss of the oxygen obtained in the lungs through the gills), the sixth arteriole's ductus arteriosus is closed ...

  8. Air sac - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_sac

    Likewise, a mammalian system would only provide to the lungs about 225 − 184 = 41 liters of fresh, oxygenated air on each breath. Apatosaurus must therefore have had either a system unknown in the modern world or one like birds', with multiple air sacs and a flow-through lung.

  9. Spiracle (arthropods) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiracle_(arthropods)

    These spiders retained their book lungs, however, so they have both. [6] [7] Harvestmen, camel spiders, ricinuleids, mites, and pseudoscorpions all breathe through a tracheal system and lack book lungs.