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  2. Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

    In a water molecule, the hydrogen atoms form a 104.5° angle with the oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms are close to two corners of a tetrahedron centered on the oxygen. At the other two corners are lone pairs of valence electrons that do not participate in the bonding. In a perfect tetrahedron, the atoms would form a 109.5° angle, but the ...

  3. Chemical bonding of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bonding_of_water

    In other words, if water was formed from two identical O-H bonds and two identical sp 3 lone pairs on the oxygen atom as predicted by valence bond theory, then its photoelectron spectrum (PES) would have two (degenerate) peaks and energy, one for the two O-H bonds and the other for the two sp 3 lone pairs.

  4. Outline of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_water

    A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions , but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice , and gaseous state ( water vapor or steam ).

  5. Hydrogen bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bond

    Water is unique because its oxygen atom has two lone pairs and two hydrogen atoms, meaning that the total number of bonds of a water molecule is up to four. [41] The number of hydrogen bonds formed by a molecule of liquid water fluctuates with time and temperature. [42]

  6. Chemical compound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_compound

    A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, using chemical symbols for the chemical elements, and subscripts to indicate the number of atoms involved. For example, water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom: the chemical formula is H 2 O.

  7. Atomism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism

    1st. That water is a binary compound of hydrogen and oxygen, and the relative weights of the two elementary atoms are as 1:7, nearly; 2nd. That ammonia is a binary compound of hydrogen and azote nitrogen, and the relative weights of the two atoms are as 1:5, nearly...

  8. Chemical bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond

    In 1916, chemist Gilbert N. Lewis developed the concept of electron-pair bonds, in which two atoms may share one to six electrons, thus forming the single electron bond, a single bond, a double bond, or a triple bond; in Lewis's own words, "An electron may form a part of the shell of two different atoms and cannot be said to belong to either ...

  9. Molecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecule

    A molecule may be homonuclear, that is, it consists of atoms of one chemical element, e.g. two atoms in the oxygen molecule (O 2); or it may be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of more than one element, e.g. water (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H 2 O).