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The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's Adolescence in 1904. Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, defined adolescence to be the period of life from ages 14 to 24, and viewed it primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). [90]
They may experiment with different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as part of this process of developing an identity. [2] Teenage rebellion has been recognized within psychology as a set of behavioral traits that supersede class, culture, or race; [3] some psychologists, however, have disputed the universality of the phenomenon. [4]
Recent behavioral focus in the study of anti-social behavior has been a focus on rule-governed behavior. While correspondence for saying and doing has long been an interest for behavior analysts in normal development and typical socialization, recent conceptualizations have been built around families that actively train children in anti-social ...
This connection was made infamous by developmental psychologist G. Stanley Hall who described adolescence as a time of "storm and stress". [13] Another aspect of the traditional approach is that many professionals and mass media portrayed adolescents as inevitable problems that simply needed to be fixed. This "fixing" motivated the "solving" of ...
Watson explained human psychology through the process of classical conditioning, and he believed that all individual differences in behavior were due to different learning experiences. [21] He wrote extensively on child development and conducted research, such as the Little Albert experiment , which showed that a phobia could be created by ...
Human economic decision making is often reference dependent, in which options are weighed in reference to the status quo rather than absolute gains and losses. Humans are also loss averse, fearing loss rather than seeking gain. [51] Advanced economic behavior developed in humans after the Neolithic Revolution and the development of agriculture.
Similarly, although adolescents tend to associate with others of the same ethnicity and socioeconomic status, clique membership is equally common across ethnicity and economic background. The characteristics of the distinct cliques within each demographic group also vary equally, although members of cliques in one crowd or demographic group may ...
An adolescent’s occupational plan for the future involves examining their traits, abilities, interests and values. Occupational plans generally form in stages; the most important time for crystallization to occur is during late adolescence, during this time their plans are more realistically related to his or her capabilities.