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Gorenstein and Lyons's proof for the case of rank at least 4 was 731 pages long, and Aschbacher's proof of the rank 3 case adds another 159 pages, for a total of 890 pages. 1983 Selberg trace formula. Hejhal's proof of a general form of the Selberg trace formula consisted of 2 volumes with a total length of 1322 pages. Arthur–Selberg trace ...
Bertrand's postulate and a proof; Estimation of covariance matrices; Fermat's little theorem and some proofs; Gödel's completeness theorem and its original proof; Mathematical induction and a proof; Proof that 0.999... equals 1; Proof that 22/7 exceeds π; Proof that e is irrational; Proof that π is irrational
The Clay Mathematics Institute officially designated the title Millennium Problem for the seven unsolved mathematical problems, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, Hodge conjecture, Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness, P versus NP problem, Riemann hypothesis, Yang–Mills existence and mass gap, and the Poincaré conjecture at the ...
The two papers were vetted and published as the entirety of the May 1995 issue of the Annals of Mathematics. The proof's method of identification of a deformation ring with a Hecke algebra (now referred to as an R=T theorem) to prove modularity lifting theorems has been an influential development in algebraic number theory.
The expression "mathematical proof" is used by lay people to refer to using mathematical methods or arguing with mathematical objects, such as numbers, to demonstrate something about everyday life, or when data used in an argument is numerical. It is sometimes also used to mean a "statistical proof" (below), especially when used to argue from data.
Graham's number is an immense number that arose as an upper bound on the answer of a problem in the mathematical field of Ramsey theory.It is much larger than many other large numbers such as Skewes's number and Moser's number, both of which are in turn much larger than a googolplex.
Then the formula for the map is exactly the same as when the domain is the integers: an 'even' such rational is divided by 2; an 'odd' such rational is multiplied by 3 and then 1 is added. A closely related fact is that the Collatz map extends to the ring of 2-adic integers , which contains the ring of rationals with odd denominators as a subring.
Craig's theorem (mathematical logic) Craig's interpolation theorem (mathematical logic) Cramér’s decomposition theorem ; Cramér's theorem (large deviations) (probability) Cramer's theorem (algebraic curves) (analytic geometry) Cramér–Wold theorem (measure theory) Critical line theorem (number theory) Crooks fluctuation theorem