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Transactionalism is a pragmatic philosophical approach to questions such as: what is the nature of reality; how we know and are known; and how we motivate, maintain, and satisfy goals for health, money, career, relationships, and a multitude of conditions of life through mutually cooperative social exchange and ecologies.
Transactions of any kind "ought to concentrate attention less upon the bald narrative of transactions than upon the antecedents, concomitants and consequences of any give action". [8] This chapter outlines a historical lineage of thinkers whose work lays the foundation for transactional thought and competence as a way of living life.
Laissez-faire leadership indicates a lack of leadership and a complete hands-off approach with employees. [ 13 ] With transactional leadership being applied to the lower-level needs and being more managerial in style, it is a foundation for transformational leadership which applies to higher-level needs.
Transactional analysis is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy wherein social interactions (or "transactions") are analyzed to determine the ego state of the communicator (whether parent-like, childlike, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding behavior. [1]
Transaction cost as a formal theory started in the late 1960s and early 1970s. [13] And refers to the "Costs of Market Transactions" in his seminal work, The Problem of Social Cost (1960). Arguably, transaction cost reasoning became most widely known through Oliver E. Williamson's Transaction Cost Economics. Today, transaction cost economics is ...
The approach avoids subjectivity or essentialism in descriptions produced through its recognition that reading is determined by textual and also cultural constraints. [3] It stands in total opposition to the theories of formalism and the New Criticism , in which the reader's role in re-creating literary works is ignored. [ 5 ]
This grows worse with firm size and more layers in the hierarchy. Empirical analyses of transaction costs have attempted to measure and operationalize transaction costs. [5] [27] Research that attempts to measure transaction costs is the most critical limit to efforts to potential falsification and validation of transaction cost economics.
TAPA approach originates with the framing of the dynamic inter-temporal principle of transactional equity-in-exchange for buyers and sellers in an asset transaction, the essence of which is that by the end of the analysis projection period neither party should be a losing side to the transaction, meaning that the capital of the buyer and the seller bound up in the transaction should be ...