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In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl ' the kohl '), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol , to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol .
In organic chemistry, the Myers deoxygenation reaction is an organic redox reaction that reduces an alcohol into an alkyl position by way of an arenesulfonyl hydrazine as a key intermediate. This name reaction is one of four discovered by Andrew Myers that are named after him; this reaction and the Myers allene synthesis reaction involve the ...
In organic chemistry, the oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction that transforms an alkene (R 2 C=CR 2) into a neutral alcohol. In oxymercuration, the alkene reacts with mercuric acetate (AcO−Hg−OAc) in aqueous solution to yield the addition of an acetoxymercury (−HgOAc) group and a hydroxy (−OH) group across the ...
Cetyl alcohol was discovered in 1817 by the French chemist Michel Chevreul when he heated spermaceti, a waxy substance obtained from sperm whale oil, with caustic potash (potassium hydroxide). Flakes of cetyl alcohol were left behind on cooling. [5] Modern production is based around the chemical reduction of ethyl palmitate. [6]
Alcohol dehydrogenase activity varies between men and women, between young and old, and among populations from different areas of the world. For example, young women are unable to process alcohol at the same rate as young men because they do not express the alcohol dehydrogenase as highly, although the inverse is true among the middle-aged. [37]
In the Tishchenko reaction, the base used is an alkoxide rather than hydroxide, and the product is an ester rather than the separate alcohol and carboxylate groups. After the nucleophilic base attacks an aldehyde, the resulting new oxygen anion attacks another aldehyde to give a hemiacetal linkage between two of the formerly aldehyde-containing ...
The Tishchenko reaction is an organic chemical reaction that involves disproportionation of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide.The reaction is named after Russian organic chemist Vyacheslav Tishchenko, who discovered that aluminium alkoxides are effective catalysts for the reaction.
The aluminium based Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction can be performed on prochiral ketones leading to chiral alcohols. The three main ways to achieve the asymmetric reduction is by use of a chiral alcohol hydride source, use of an intramolecular MPV reduction, or use of a chiral ligand on the aluminium alkoxide.