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In 1898, Congress passed a bill creating the only 'Institution for Insane Indians' in the United States. The Canton Indian Insane Asylum (sometimes called Hiawatha Insane Asylum) opened for the reception of patients in January 1903. The first administrator was Oscar S. Gifford. [2] Many of the inmates were not mentally ill.
In 1915, Norman Ewing (Flying Iron), who worked at the asylum under Dr. Hummer, filed a report with the Bureau of Indian Affairs revealing the treatment of patients at Hiawatha.
The bill establishing the Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians passed in 1899, and the Indian Appropriation Act for 1900 set aside $3,000 for land purchase and $42,000 for building construction. One hundred acres were purchased a mile east of Canton on the hills overlooking the Sioux River. The asylum was closed in 1934.
On January 25, 1889, the Outagamie County board of supervisors voted to purchase 320 acres of land west of the city of Appleton for $15,000, for the purpose of erecting a county asylum for the chronic insane. Original plans expected the asylum to accommodate 100 individuals, and to cost approximately $40,000 to build. [2]
The condition of the negro insane at Montevue Hospital at Frederick is shameful and should at once be remedied. The beasts of the field are better cared for than the poor negroes at Montevue. In 1888, an article titled "The Need of An Asylum or Hospital for the Separate Care and Treatment of the Colored Insane of This State" stated three ...
Before the volunteers started the project, the cemetery has become became overgrown and was mostly forgotten, apart from a misspelled sign that read “Outagamie County Insane Asylum Cemetary 1891 ...
Some of the asylum inmates also printed a newspaper, called The Opal (10 volumes, 1851–1860), which contained articles, poems, and drawings produced by the patients. [12] Another analysis, from the perspective of modern psychiatric survivors, is that The Opal, while seeming to give power to inmates, really was just another form of slavery. [13]
Originally named Napa Insane Asylum, the facility opened on November 15, 1875. It sat on 192 acres (0.8 square kilometers) of property stretching from the Napa River to what is now Skyline Park. The facility was originally built to relieve overcrowding at Stockton Asylum. By the early 1890s, the facility had over 1,300 patients which was more ...