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A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands [1] is an area of land adjacent to a river. Floodplains stretch from the banks of a river channel to the base of the enclosing valley, and experience flooding during periods of high discharge. [2] The soils usually consist of clays, silts, sands, and gravels deposited during floods. [3]
An overbank is an alluvial geological deposit consisting of sediment that has been deposited on the floodplain of a river or stream by flood waters that have broken through or overtopped the banks. The sediment is carried in suspension , and because it is carried outside of the main channel , away from faster flow, the sediment is typically ...
Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys all over the world. They consist of a relatively level strip of land, called a "tread", separated from either an adjacent floodplain, other fluvial terraces, or uplands by distinctly steeper strips of land called "risers".
Observations made on long geologic times scales (≥10 6 annum) typically reveal much about slower, larger-magnitude geologic processes such as tectonism [5] from a regional to even global scale. Evaluation on geologically short time scales (10 3 -10 5 a ) can reveal much about the relatively shorter climatic cycles, [ 5 ] local to regional ...
An alluvial plain is a plain (an essentially flat landform) created by the deposition of sediment over a long period by one or more rivers coming from highland regions, from which alluvial soil forms. A floodplain is part of the process, being the smaller area over which the rivers flood at a particular time. In contrast, the alluvial plain is ...
The present consensus is that "alluvium" refers to loose sediments of all types deposited by running water in floodplains or in alluvial fans or related landforms. [1] [7] [8] However, the meaning of the term has varied considerably since it was first defined in the French dictionary of Antoine Furetière, posthumously published in 1690.
Crevasse splay on the Columbia River ().1ː Levees; 2ː active channel; 3ː floodplain; 4ː crevasse splay deposits; 5ː crevasse splay extent. A crevasse splay is a sedimentary fluvial deposit which forms when a stream breaks its natural or artificial levees and deposits sediment on a floodplain.
In geology, a backswamp is a type of depositional environment commonly found in a floodplain.It is where deposits of fine silts and clays settle after a flood.These deposits create a marsh-like landscape that is often poorly drained and usually lower than the rest of the floodplain.