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According to guidelines by the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society, [42] mainly based on a major article review in 2004, [43] patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy who require treatment can be initiated on standard anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid/valproate semisodium, phenobarbital, or on ...
Phenytoin may accumulate in the cerebral cortex over long periods of time which can cause atrophy of the cerebellum. The degree of atrophy is related to the duration of phenytoin treatment and is not related to dosage of the medication. [23] Phenytoin is known to be a causal factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy. [24]
Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy. It may also be called congenital hydantoin syndrome, [1] fetal hydantoin syndrome, dilantin embryopathy, or phenytoin embryopathy. Association with EPHX1 has been suggested. [2]
[2]: 118 As of 2015, two cases of AHS have been reported that manifested during long-term treatment with multiple anti-seizure medications. Death due to multiple organ failure can occur; symptoms also mimic lymphoma and AHS has been called "pseudolymphoma" as a result. Changing the medications involved to those in a different class can avoid ...
Retigabine appears to be free of drug interactions with most commonly used anticonvulsants. It may increase metabolism of lamotrigine (Lamictal), whereas phenytoin (Dilantin) and carbamazepine (CBZ, Tegretol) increase the clearance of retigabine. [13] [14] Concomitant use of retigabine and digoxin may increase serum concentration of the latter.
The seizures experienced by people with Dravet syndrome become worse as the patient ages, as the disease is not very observable when symptoms first appear. [5] This coupled with the range of severity differing between each individual diagnosed and the resistance of these seizures to drugs has made it challenging to develop treatments.
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Fosphenytoin is approved in the United States for the short-term (five days or fewer) treatment of epilepsy when more widely used means of phenytoin administration are not possible or are ill-advised, [4] such as endotracheal intubation, status epilepticus or some other type of repeated seizures; cluster seizure, vomiting, and/or the patient is unalert or not awake or both.