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Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the head of state, known as an autocrat. It includes some forms of monarchy and all forms of dictatorship, while it is contrasted with democracy and feudalism. Various definitions of autocracy exist.
Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).
Electoral autocracy is a hybrid regime, in which democratic institutions are imitative and adhere to authoritarian methods. In these regimes, regular elections are held, but they are accused of failing to reach democratic standards of freedom and fairness.
Global trend report Bertelsmann Transformation Index 2022 [1] Global Political Regimes, 2023 V-Dem – processed by Our World in Data [2] Democratic backsliding, also known as autocratization, is the decline in democratic qualities of a political regime, the opposite of democratization. [3]
Democratic backsliding [a] is a process of regime change toward autocracy in which the exercise of political power becomes more arbitrary and repressive. [24] [25] [26] The process typically restricts the space for public contest and political participation in the process of government selection.
The World Bank has regularly failed to live up to its own policies for protecting people harmed by projects it finances. The World Bank and its private-sector lending arm, the International Finance Corp., have financed governments and companies accused of human rights violations such as rape, murder and torture.
A liberal autocracy is a non-democratic government that follows the principles of liberalism. [1] Until the 20th century, most countries in Western Europe were "liberal autocracies, or at best, semi-democracies". [2] One example of a "classic liberal autocracy" was the Austro-Hungarian Empire. [3]