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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a sudden and momentary flow of electric current between two differently-charged objects when brought close together or when the dielectric between them breaks down, often creating a visible spark associated with the static electricity between the objects. ESD can create spectacular electric sparks (lightning ...
Reynolds Stress equation models rely on the Reynolds Stress Transport equation. The equation for the transport of kinematic Reynolds stress = ′ ′ = / is [3] = + + + Rate of change of + Transport of by convection = Transport of by diffusion + Rate of production of + Transport of due to turbulent pressure-strain interactions + Transport of due to rotation + Rate of dissipation of .
The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS equations) are time-averaged [a] equations of motion for fluid flow. The idea behind the equations is Reynolds decomposition , whereby an instantaneous quantity is decomposed into its time-averaged and fluctuating quantities, an idea first proposed by Osborne Reynolds . [ 1 ]
The implicit solution described above containing an arbitrary function is called the general integral. However, the inviscid Burgers' equation, being a first-order partial differential equation, also has a complete integral which contains two arbitrary constants (for the two independent variables).
Dissipative: Materials with an electrical resistance between 1MΩ and 1TΩ Shielding : Materials that attenuate current and electrical fields Low-charging or Anti-static : Materials that limit the buildup of charge by prevention of triboelectric effects through physical separation or by selecting materials that do not build up charge easily.
The transformation that allows this model to be solved exactly (at least in the N → ∞ limit) is as follows: . Define the "order" parameters r and ψ as = =. Here r represents the phase-coherence of the population of oscillators and ψ indicates the average phase.
Electrical breakdown in an electric discharge showing the ribbon-like plasma filaments from a Tesla coil.. In electronics, electrical breakdown or dielectric breakdown is a process that occurs when an electrically insulating material (a dielectric), subjected to a high enough voltage, suddenly becomes a conductor and current flows through it.
Electrokinetic flows with conductivity gradients become unstable when the electroviscous stretching and folding of conductivity interfaces grows faster than the dissipative effect of molecular diffusion. Since these flows are characterized by low velocities and small length scales, the Reynolds number is below 0.01 and the flow is laminar. The ...