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External rotation (or extorsion or lateral rotation) is an anatomical term of motion referring to rotation away from the center of the body. The external rotator muscles include: Muscles
External rotation of the shoulder with the arm at a 90-degree angle is an additional exercise done to increase control and range of motion of the Infraspinatus and Teres minor muscles. Various active exercises are done for an additional 3–6 weeks as progress is based on an individual case-by-case basis. [9]
Arthrography of shoulder joint (with or without computed tomography) is performed by injecting contrast below and lateral to the coracoid process to outline the shoulder joint. Axillary pouch of the shoulder can be seen on external rotation, while subscapular (subcoracoid) bursa can be seen on internal rotation of arm.
The infraspinatus is the main external rotator of the shoulder. When the arm is fixed, it adducts the inferior angle of the scapula. Its synergists are teres minor and the deltoid. [4] The infraspinatus and teres minor rotate the head of the humerus outward (external, or lateral, rotation); they also assist in carrying the arm backward. [1]
External rotation (lateral rotation or extorsion) is rotation away from the center of the body, [22] carried out by external rotators. Internal and external rotators make up the rotator cuff , a group of muscles that help to stabilize the shoulder joint .
Shoulder anatomy, front view Shoulder anatomy, back view The rotator cuff is an anatomical term given to the group of four muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. [ 3 ] These muscles are the supraspinatus , infraspinatus , teres minor and subscapularis and that hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity during ...
People affected note shoulder pain and paresthesia down the arm first and foremost in abduction, extension, external rotation and overhead activity. Selective atrophy of the teres minor muscle has been seen and pulled together directly with compression of the corresponding axillary nerve branch or posterior humeral circumflex artery.
This is an extension of the external rotation technique. The externally rotated arm is gently abducted (brought away from the body into an overhead position) while external rotation is maintained. Gentle in-line traction is applied to the arm while some pressure is applied to the humeral head via the operator's thumb in the armpit to keep the ...
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