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  2. Deep learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning

    The first working deep learning algorithm was the Group method of data handling, a method to train arbitrarily deep neural networks, published by Alexey Ivakhnenko and Lapa in 1965. They regarded it as a form of polynomial regression, [ 39 ] or a generalization of Rosenblatt's perceptron. [ 40 ]

  3. Kernel method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_method

    Empirically, for machine learning heuristics, choices of a function that do not satisfy Mercer's condition may still perform reasonably if at least approximates the intuitive idea of similarity. [6] Regardless of whether k {\displaystyle k} is a Mercer kernel, k {\displaystyle k} may still be referred to as a "kernel".

  4. Deep reinforcement learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_reinforcement_learning

    Deep learning methods, often using supervised learning with labeled datasets, have been shown to solve tasks that involve handling complex, high-dimensional raw input data (such as images) with less manual feature engineering than prior methods, enabling significant progress in several fields including computer vision and natural language ...

  5. Neural network (machine learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network_(machine...

    Fundamental research was conducted on ANNs in the 1960s and 1970s. The first working deep learning algorithm was the Group method of data handling, a method to train arbitrarily deep neural networks, published by Alexey Ivakhnenko and Lapa in the Soviet Union (1965).

  6. Timeline of machine learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_machine_learning

    Support-Vector Clustering [5] and other kernel methods [6] and unsupervised machine learning methods become widespread. [7] 2010s: Deep learning becomes feasible, which leads to machine learning becoming integral to many widely used software services and applications. Deep learning spurs huge advances in vision and text processing. 2020s

  7. Fine-tuning (deep learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-tuning_(deep_learning)

    In deep learning, fine-tuning is an approach to transfer learning in which the parameters of a pre-trained neural network model are trained on new data. [1] Fine-tuning can be done on the entire neural network, or on only a subset of its layers, in which case the layers that are not being fine-tuned are "frozen" (i.e., not changed during backpropagation). [2]

  8. Attention (machine learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_(machine_learning)

    During the deep learning era, attention mechanism was developed to solve similar problems in encoding-decoding. [1] In machine translation, the seq2seq model, as it was proposed in 2014, [24] would encode an input text into a fixed-length vector, which would then be decoded into an output text. If the input text is long, the fixed-length vector ...

  9. Group method of data handling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_method_of_data_handling

    It was one of the first deep learning methods, used to train an eight-layer neural net in 1971. [4] [5] Mathematical content. Polynomial regression. This section is ...