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In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient (also known as coefficient of discharge or efflux coefficient) is the ratio of the actual discharge to the ideal discharge, [1] i.e., the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures.
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
In fluid dynamics, the Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless quantity that helps predict fluid flow patterns in different situations by measuring the ratio between inertial and viscous forces. [2] At low Reynolds numbers, flows tend to be dominated by laminar (sheet-like) flow , while at high Reynolds numbers, flows tend to be turbulent .
f = 64/Re for laminar flow where Re is the Reynolds number. The frictional resistance, = using Poiseuille's law. Since they have same diameter and length in Fig. 3, their resistances are same, R 2 = R 3. Thus the velocities should be equal in two outlets or the flow rates should be equal according to the assumptions.
A fully developed flow profile was used as the reference state for meter calibration and determination of Coefficient of Discharge (Cd). For Reynolds Number 10 5 {\displaystyle 10^{5}} to 10 6 {\displaystyle 10^{6}} n is approximately 7.5; for Re of 10 6 {\displaystyle 10^{6}} , n is approximately 10.0 where a fully developed profile in a ...
For spheres in uniform flow in the Reynolds number range of 8×10 2 < Re < 2×10 5 there co-exist two values of the Strouhal number. The lower frequency is attributed to the large-scale instability of the wake, is independent of the Reynolds number Re and is approximately equal to 0.2. The higher-frequency Strouhal number is caused by small ...
In the context of the thermal fluids, the thermal Péclet number is equivalent to the product of the Reynolds number and the Prandtl number (Re × Pr). The Péclet number is defined as: Plan view: For P e L → 0 {\displaystyle Pe_{L}\rightarrow 0} , advection is negligible, and diffusion dominates mass transport.
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.