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Since 1970, there has been an increase in stratification in the upper ocean due to global warming and, in some areas, salinity changes. [14] The salinity changes are caused by evaporation in tropical waters, which results in higher salinity and density levels. Meanwhile, melting ice can cause a decrease in salinity at higher latitudes. [14]
Ocean acidification is now on a path to reach lower pH levels than at any other point in the last 300 million years. [83] [73] The rate of ocean acidification (i.e. the rate of change in pH value) is also estimated to be unprecedented over that same time scale. [84] [14] These expected changes are considered unprecedented in the geological record.
Some climate change effects: wildfire caused by heat and dryness, bleached coral caused by ocean acidification and heating, environmental migration caused by desertification, and coastal flooding caused by storms and sea level rise. Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an overall ...
The direction and magnitude of the effects of ocean acidification, warming and deoxygenation on the ocean has been quantified by meta-analyses, [136] [142] [143] and has been further tested by mesocosm studies. The mesocosm studies simulated the interaction of these stressors and found a catastrophic effect on the marine food web, namely, that ...
The warming of ocean waters has caused coral bleaching and the degradation of coral reefs, which are vital to marine biodiversity and fisheries. Coral reefs support a large proportion of the world's fish species, providing food and livelihoods for millions of people.
The ocean is a critical climate solution—although concerns exist around some ‘blue carbon’ methods. Skip to main content. Sign in. Mail. 24/7 Help. For premium support please call: 800-290 ...
In the 1980s, the terms global warming and climate change became more common, often being used interchangeably. [118] [119] [120] Scientifically, global warming refers only to increased surface warming, while climate change describes both global warming and its effects on Earth's climate system, such as precipitation changes. [117]
World leaders are meeting in Paris this month in what amounts to a last-ditch effort to avert the worst ravages of climate change. Climatologists now say that the best case scenario — assuming immediate and dramatic emissions curbs — is that planetary surface temperatures will increase by at least 2 degrees Celsius in the coming decades.