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  2. Transmembrane protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_protein

    The membrane is represented in light yellow. A transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways to permit the transport of specific substances across the membrane.

  3. Cellular compartment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_compartment

    Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid layer membrane. These compartments are often, but not always, defined as membrane-bound organelles. The formation of cellular compartments is called compartmentalization.

  4. Membrane protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_protein

    Schematic representation of the different types of interaction between monotopic membrane proteins and the cell membrane: 1. interaction by an amphipathic α-helix parallel to the membrane plane (in-plane membrane helix) 2. interaction by a hydrophobic loop 3. interaction by a covalently bound membrane lipid 4. electrostatic or ionic ...

  5. Cell membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane

    Illustration of a eukaryotic cell membrane Comparison of a eukaryotic vs. a prokaryotic cell membrane. The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

  6. Flippase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flippase

    Structure of a flippase, showing the two major subunits of the enzyme. Flippases are transmembrane lipid transporter proteins located in the cell membrane.They are responsible for aiding the movement of phospholipid molecules between the two layers, or leaflets, that compose the membrane (transverse diffusion, also known as a "flip-flop" transition).

  7. Membrane transport protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein

    Facilitated diffusion in the cell membrane, showing ion channels (left) and carrier proteins (three on the right). Facilitated diffusion is the passage of molecules or ions across a biological membrane through specific transport proteins and requires no energy input. Facilitated diffusion is used especially in the case of large polar molecules ...

  8. Membrane transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport

    Thermodynamically the flow of substances from one compartment to another can occur in the direction of a concentration or electrochemical gradient or against it. If the exchange of substances occurs in the direction of the gradient, that is, in the direction of decreasing potential, there is no requirement for an input of energy from outside the system; if, however, the transport is against ...

  9. Transmembrane domain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_domain

    A transmembrane domain (TMD) is a membrane-spanning protein domain.TMDs may consist of one or several alpha-helices or a transmembrane beta barrel.Because the interior of the lipid bilayer is hydrophobic, the amino acid residues in TMDs are often hydrophobic, although proteins such as membrane pumps and ion channels can contain polar residues.