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  2. Neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron

    Neurons communicate with other cells via synapses, which are specialized connections that commonly use minute amounts of chemical neurotransmitters to pass the electric signal from the presynaptic neuron to the target cell through the synaptic gap. Neurons are the main components of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoans.

  3. Artificial neuron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neuron

    However, an output cannot connect more than once with a single neuron. Self-loops do not cause contradictions, since the network operates in synchronous discrete time-steps. As a simple example, consider a single neuron with threshold 0, and a single inhibitory self-loop. Its output would oscillate between 0 and 1 at every step, acting as a ...

  4. Neural network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network

    While individual neurons are simple, many of them together in a network can perform complex tasks. There are two main types of neural network. In neuroscience , a biological neural network is a physical structure found in brains and complex nervous systems – a population of nerve cells connected by synapses .

  5. Neural circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_circuit

    Simplified models of biological neurons were set up, now usually called perceptrons or artificial neurons. These simple models accounted for neural summation (i.e., potentials at the post-synaptic membrane will summate in the cell body). Later models also provided for excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission.

  6. Neuromodulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromodulation

    Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons. Neuromodulators typically bind to metabotropic , G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to initiate a second messenger signaling cascade that induces a broad, long-lasting signal.

  7. Neural network (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network_(biology)

    In their work, both thoughts and body activity resulted from interactions among neurons within the brain. Computer simulation of the branching architecture of the dendrites of pyramidal neurons [6] For Bain, [4] every activity led to the firing of a certain set of neurons. When activities were repeated, the connections between those neurons ...

  8. Neurotransmission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmission

    Neurons form complex biological neural networks through which nerve impulses (action potentials) travel. Neurons do not touch each other (except in the case of an electrical synapse through a gap junction); instead, neurons interact at close contact points called synapses. A neuron transports its information by way of an action potential.

  9. Cellular neuroscience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_neuroscience

    Neurons are diverse with respect to morphology and function. Thus, not all neurons correspond to the stereotypical motor neuron with dendrites and myelinated axons that conduct action potentials. Some neurons such as photoreceptor cells, for example, do not have myelinated axons that conduct action potentials. Other unipolar neurons found in ...