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630 - Medina and Mecca "established as the holy cities of Islam." [3] 632 CE / 11 H. 8 June: Death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr appointed caliph; Rashidun Caliphate established. [3] 634 - Umar becomes caliph. 639 - Hijri year calendar devised. [citation needed] 644 - Uthman ibn Affan becomes caliph. 656 - Ali becomes caliph and moves capital from ...
In 628, the Quraysh tribe of Mecca and the Muslims in Medina entered into a 10-year pact called the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. However, in 630 (8 A.H.), the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was breached as a result of the aggression of the Banu Bakr, a confederate of the Quraysh, against the Banu Khuza'ah, who had recently entered into an alliance with the ...
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930 - City sacked by Qarmatians; Black Stone taken out of Mecca. [5] [7] 951 - Black Stone returned to Mecca "for a great ransom". [5] [7] 1184 - Traveller Ibn Jubayr visits city. [8] 1265 - Egyptian Mamluks in power. [5] 1326 - Traveller Ibn Battuta visits Mecca. [8] 1517 - Ottomans in power; [9] Selim I becomes Custodian of the Two Holy ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 January 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
The first Islamic State, also known as State of Medina, [4] was the first Islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation).
House of Muhammed in Medina, where he lived after the migration from Mecca. [21] Dar Al-Arqam, the first Islamic school where Muhammad taught. [22] It now lies under the extension of the Masjid Al-Haram of Mecca. [citation needed] Qubbat al-Thanaya, the burial site of Muhammed's incisor that was broken in the Battle of Uhud. [8]
The Constitution of Medina (Arabic: وثيقة المدينة, romanized: Waṯīqat al-Madīna; or صحیفة المدينة, Ṣaḥīfat al-Madīna; also known as the Umma Document), [1] is a document dealing with tribal affairs during the Islamic prophet and later Statesman Muhammad's time in Medina [2] and formed the basis of a multi-religious state under his leadership.