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1896 – French Dr. Victor Despeignes, "the father of radiation therapy", starts to use X-rays to treat cancer [8] 1896 – American Dr. Emil Grubbe starts to treat breast cancer patients with X-rays [4] 1896 Sir George Thomas Beatson invented hormonal treatment of breast cancer by bilateral ovary removal in women with inoperable breast cancer.
On 11 January 1896 he made the first use of X-rays under clinical conditions when he radiographed the hand of an associate, revealing a sterilised needle beneath the surface. [4] A month later on 14 February he took the first radiograph to direct a surgical operation. He also took the first X-ray of the human spine.
Natural color X-ray photogram of a wine scene. Note the edges of hollow cylinders as compared to the solid candle. William Coolidge explains medical imaging and X-rays.. An X-ray (also known in many languages as Röntgen radiation) is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays.
Unprotected experiments in the U.S. in 1896 with an early X-ray tube (Crookes tube), when the dangers of radiation were largely unknown.[1]The history of radiation protection begins at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the realization that ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources can have harmful effects on living organisms.
In 1896, Fleischman read of Wilhelm Röntgen's breakthrough with x-rays in Vienna, Austria: "A new photographic discovery" which sparked her interest in radiography. [7] [8] In August 1896, she attended a public lecture by and presentation on X-ray apparatus by Albert Van der Naillen in San Francisco. [9]
On January 27, 1896, Wright produced an X-ray photograph, barely a month after Wilhelm Röntgen's seminal paper On A New Kind Of Rays was published on December 28, 1895. This was the first X-ray image produced in the country. [9] He contributed numerous scientific papers, chiefly on astronomical and electrical subjects, to various publications.
1895 – Wilhelm Röntgen: X-rays; 1896 – Henri Becquerel: Radioactivity; 1896 – Pieter Zeeman: Zeeman effect; 1897 – J. J. Thomson: Electron discovered; 1900 – Max Planck: Formula for black-body radiation – the quanta solution to radiation ultraviolet catastrophe; 1900 - Paul Villard: Gamma rays
Researchers had already discovered that X-rays could kill bacteria by 1896. The predominant theory at the time was that cancer was some kind of parasitic infection. Louis Charles Émile Lortet and Philibert Jean Victor Genoud tried to kill tuberculosis in infected guinea pigs using X-rays from March to June 1896 in the same city of Lyon. [7] [3]