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R-22 use is being phased out in developing countries, where it is largely used for air conditioning applications. R-22 is prepared from chloroform: HCCl 3 + 2 HF → HCF 2 Cl + 2 HCl. An important application of R-22 is as a precursor to tetrafluoroethylene. This conversion involves pyrolysis to give difluorocarbene, which dimerizes: [3]
R-410A was invented and patented by Allied Signal (now Honeywell) in 1991. [5] Other producers around the world have been licensed to manufacture and sell R-410A. [6] R-410A was successfully commercialized in the air conditioning segment by a combined effort of Carrier Corporation, Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc., Copeland Scroll Compressors (a division of Emerson Electric Company), and ...
Being phased out: A widely used hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and powerful greenhouse gas with a GWP equal to 1810. Worldwide production of R-22 in 2008 was about 800 Gg per year, up from about 450 Gg per year in 1998. R-438A (MO-99) is a R-22 replacement. [71] R-123 HCFC-123 CHCl 2 CF 3: 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane: 292 79 US phase-out
Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22 or HCFC-22), a type of Freon. [9] [10] Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12 or CFC-12), the most commonly used Freon brand refrigerant prior to its ban in many countries in 1996 and total ban in 2010. 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a or HFC-134a), one of the main replacements for the formerly widespread R-12.
As a result of CFCs contributing to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) [1] including R-410A, R-134a and R-1234yf. [2] [3] [4]
Pentafluoroethane in a near azeotropic mixture with difluoromethane is known as R-410A, a common replacement for various chlorofluorocarbons (commonly known as Freon) in new refrigerant systems. Fire suppression systems
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Because of its reduced global warming potential (GWP), R-454B is intended to be an alternative to refrigerant R-410A in new equipment. [2] [3] [4] R-454B has a GWP of 466, which is 78 percent lower than R-410A's GWP of 2088. [2] R-454B is non-toxic and mildly flammable, with an ASHRAE safety classification of A2L. In the United States, it is ...