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It is the rate of increase of wind strength with unit increase in height above ground level. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In metric units, it is often measured in units of meters per second of speed, per kilometer of height (m/s/km), which reduces inverse milliseconds (ms −1 ), a unit also used for shear rate .
The reference value for ρ b for b = 0 is the defined sea level value, ρ 0 = 1.2250 kg/m 3 or 0.0023768908 slug/ft 3. Values of ρ b of b = 1 through b = 6 are obtained from the application of the appropriate member of the pair equations 1 and 2 for the case when h = h b +1 .
With a temperature lapse rate of −6.5 °C (-11.7 °F) per km (roughly −2 °C (-3.6 °F) per 1,000 ft), the table interpolates to the standard mean sea level values of 15 °C (59 °F) temperature, 101,325 pascals (14.6959 psi) (1 atm) pressure, and a density of 1.2250 kilograms per cubic meter (0.07647 lb/cu ft).
In aerodynamics, the normal shock tables are a series of tabulated data listing the various properties before and after the occurrence of a normal shock wave. [1] With a given upstream Mach number , the post-shock Mach number can be calculated along with the pressure , density , temperature , and stagnation pressure ratios.
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[2] [3] It is also known as the Monin–Obukhov length because of its important role in the similarity theory developed by Monin and Obukhov. [4] A simple definition of the Monin-Obukhov length is that height at which turbulence is generated more by buoyancy than by wind shear. The Obukhov length is defined by
A percentage change is a way to express a change in a variable. It represents the relative change between the old value and the new one. [6]For example, if a house is worth $100,000 today and the year after its value goes up to $110,000, the percentage change of its value can be expressed as = = %.