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Current Roundup Ready crops include soy, corn (maize), canola, [2] sugar beets, [3] cotton, and alfalfa, [4] with wheat [5] still under development. Additional information on Roundup Ready crops is available on the GM Crops List. [6] As of 2005, 87% of U.S. soybean fields were planted with glyphosate resistant varieties. [7] [8]
Asgrow seeds feature many Monsanto technologies including RoundUp-Ready 2 Yield. Asgrow sold sunflower, corn, alfalfa, spring canola, and winter canola.Now the brand solely consists of soybean varieties with various yield protection technologies from Monsanto and third parties (such as BASF) in conjunction with Dekalb.
With a slightly lower yield than newer Monsanto varieties, it costs about 1/2 as much, and seeds can be saved for subsequent years. According to its innovator, it is adapted to conditions in Arkansas. Several other varieties are being bred by crossing the original variety of Roundup Ready soybeans with other soybean varieties. [10] [13] [14]
The patent on the first type of Roundup Ready crop that Monsanto produced (soybeans) expired in 2014 [99] and the first harvest of off-patent soybeans occurs in the spring of 2015. [100] Monsanto has broadly licensed the patent to other seed companies that include the glyphosate resistance trait in their seed products. [101]
Every Roundup Ready soybean in the world has a relative which was genetically transformed at Agracetus. 80% of the world's soybeans are Roundup Ready. Agracetus was founded in 1981 as Cetus Corporation.
In 1999, for his main soybean crop, Vernon Hugh Bowman bought Monsanto's GM seeds, which can cost up to twice as much per acre as traditional seed.
For example, the people of Nicoya, Costa Rica eat black beans daily, those in Okinawa, Japan enjoy soybeans, and the people of Icaria, Greece consume white beans and chickpeas.
A 2003 study [117] concluded the "Roundup Ready" (RR) gene had been bred into so many different soybean cultivars, there had been little decline in genetic diversity, but "diversity was limited among elite lines from some companies". The widespread use of such types of GM soybeans in the Americas has caused problems with exports to some regions.