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ER-positive is one of the Receptor statuses identified in the classification of breast cancer.Receptor status was traditionally considered by reviewing each individual receptor (ER, PR, her2) in turn, but newer approaches look at these together, along with the tumor grade, to categorize breast cancer into several conceptual molecular classes [1] that have different prognoses [2] and may have ...
The expression of HER2 is regulated by signaling through estrogen receptors. Normally, estradiol and tamoxifen acting through the estrogen receptor down-regulate the expression of HER2. However, when the ratio of the coactivator AIB-3 exceeds that of the corepressor PAX2 , the expression of HER2 is upregulated in the presence of tamoxifen ...
There are two main types of estrogen receptor (ER): estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and estrogen receptor beta (ER-β), also known as NR3A2. Both are nuclear receptors activated by the sex hormone estrogen. Estrogen signaling can be selectively stimulated or inhibited, dependent on the equilibrium of these two receptor types in target organs. [4]
Staging of breast cancer is one aspect of breast cancer classification that assists in making appropriate treatment choices, when considered along with other classification aspects such as estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor levels in the cancer tissue, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, menopausal status, and the ...
The first includes the intracellular estrogen receptors, namely ERα and ERβ, which belong to the nuclear receptor family. The second class consists of membrane estrogen receptors (mERs), such as GPER (GPR30), ER-X, and G q-mER, which are primarily G protein-coupled receptors. This article focuses on the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ).
Giredestrant is an investigational oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) being developed for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. [1] [2] It is a potent, nonsteroidal compound that antagonizes estrogen effects by competitively binding to both wild-type and mutant estrogen receptors with nanomolar potency.
Oral exemestane 25 mg/day for 2–3 years of adjuvant therapy was generally more effective than 5 years of continuous adjuvant tamoxifen in the treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage estrogen receptor-positive/unknown receptor status breast in a large well-designed [citation needed] trial. Preliminary data from the open-label TEAM ...
The ERRs are orphan nuclear receptors, meaning the identity of their endogenous ligand has yet to be unambiguously determined. They are named because of sequence homology with estrogen receptors, but do not appear to bind estrogens or other tested steroid hormones. There are three human estrogen related receptors: ERRα ; ERRβ ; ERRγ