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  2. Carbonate hardness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_hardness

    3 – meaning the concentration of carbonate expressed as if calcium carbonate were the sole source of carbonate ions. An aqueous solution containing 120 mg NaHCO 3 (baking soda) per litre of water will contain 1.4285 mmol /l of bicarbonate, since the molar mass of baking soda is 84.007 g/mol.

  3. Hard water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_water

    A bathtub faucet with built-up calcification from hard water in Southern Arizona. Hard water is water that has a high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, [1] which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbonates and sulfates.

  4. dKH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKH

    Degrees of german carbonate hardness (°dKH or °KH; the dKH is from the German deutsche Karbonathärte) is a unit of water hardness, specifically for temporary or carbonate hardness. Carbonate hardness is a measure of the concentration of carbonates such as calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) and magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3) per volume of water. As a ...

  5. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes

  6. Hardnesses of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardnesses_of_the_elements...

    Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on ...

  7. Grain per gallon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_per_gallon

    The grain per gallon (gpg) is a unit of water hardness defined as 1 grain (64.8 milligrams) of calcium carbonate dissolved in 1 US gallon of water (3.785412 L). It translates into 1 part in about 58,000 parts of water or 17.1 parts per million (ppm). Also called Clark degree (in terms of an imperial gallon).

  8. Products Your Grandparents Swore By That Are Still Worth Buying

    www.aol.com/finance/products-grandparents-swore...

    Bottled water is not a new phenomenon: Maine's Poland Spring has been selling its products nationwide since before the Civil War. In the mid-19th century, the Ricker family lived in Bakerstown ...

  9. Calcium carbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_carbonate

    Calcium carbonate reacts with water that is saturated with carbon dioxide to form the soluble calcium bicarbonate. CaCO 3 (s) + CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(l) → Ca(HCO 3) 2 (aq) This reaction is important in the erosion of carbonate rock, forming caverns, and leads to hard water in many regions. An unusual form of calcium carbonate is the hexahydrate ...