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  2. Meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 19 December 2024. Cell division producing haploid gametes For the figure of speech, see Meiosis (figure of speech). For the process whereby cell nuclei divide to produce two copies of themselves, see Mitosis. For excessive constriction of the pupils, see Miosis. For the parasitic infestation, see Myiasis ...

  3. Synapsis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapsis

    Synapsis during Meiosis. The circled area is the part where synapsis occurs, where the two chromatids meet before crossing over. Synapsis or Syzygy is the pairing of two chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between them.

  4. Origin and function of meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_and_function_of_meiosis

    Meiosis, which facilitates recombinational repair between non-sister chromosomes, can efficiently repair these prevalent damages in the DNA passed on to germ cells, and consequently prevent loss of fertility in humans. Thus with the theory that meiosis arose from prokaryotic sex, recombinational repair is the selective advantage of meiosis in ...

  5. Gene family - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_family

    Top: An ancestral gene duplication produces two paralogs (histone H1.1 and 1.2). A speciation event produces orthologs in the two daughter species (human and chimpanzee). Bottom: in a separate species , a gene has a similar function (histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein) but has a separate evolutionary origin and so is an analog.

  6. Genetic linkage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_linkage

    Genetic linkage is the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.Two genetic markers that are physically near to each other are unlikely to be separated onto different chromatids during chromosomal crossover, and are therefore said to be more linked than markers that are far apart.

  7. Cytogenetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytogenetics

    A metaphase cell positive for the BCR/ABL rearrangement using FISH. Cytogenetics is essentially a branch of genetics, but is also a part of cell biology/cytology (a subdivision of human anatomy), that is concerned with how the chromosomes relate to cell behaviour, particularly to their behaviour during mitosis and meiosis. [1]

  8. Chiasma (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiasma_(genetics)

    The grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum was exposed to an acute dose of X-rays during each individual stage of meiosis, and chiasma frequency was measured. [7] Irradiation during the leptotene-zygotene stages of meiosis, that is, prior to the pachytene period in which crossover recombination occurs, was found to increase subsequent chiasma ...

  9. Sister chromatids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_chromatids

    Mitotic recombination is primarily a result of DNA repair processes responding to spontaneous or induced damages. [2] [3] [4] Homologous recombinational repair during mitosis is largely limited to interaction between nearby sister chromatids that are present in a cell subsequent to DNA replication but prior to cell division. Due to the special ...