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Archaeology or archeology [a] is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities.
Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record).
An archaeological site with human presence dating from 4th century BCE, Fillipovka, South Urals, Russia.This site has been interpreted as a Sarmatian Kurgan.. An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of ...
Forensic archaeologists employ their knowledge of archaeological techniques and theory in a legal context. This broad description is necessary as forensic archaeology is practiced in a variety of ways around the world. [13] funerary archaeology Funerary archaeology is the study of the treatment and commemoration of the dead.
A geoarchaeologist analyzes a stratigraphy on the route of the LGV Est high-speed railway line. geoarchaeologist at work on column sample Geoarchaeology is a multi-disciplinary approach which uses the techniques and subject matter of geography, geology, geophysics and other Earth sciences to examine topics which inform archaeological and chronological knowledge and thought.
Prehistoric archaeology is a subfield of archaeology, [1] which deals specifically with artefacts, civilisations and other materials from societies that existed before any form of writing system or historical record.
Historical archaeology is a form of archaeology dealing with places, things, and issues from the past or present when written records and oral traditions can inform and contextualize cultural material. These records can both complement and conflict with the archaeological evidence found at a particular site.
This spans the entire world; archaeology is the human story that belongs to everyone's past and represents everyone's heritage. [4] This data can be archived and retrieved by archaeologists for research. [16] The mission of an archaeologist is often preservation of the archaeological record. [4]