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The yellow or orange flowers on a Cucurbita plant are of two types: female and male. The female flowers produce the fruit and the male flowers produce pollen. Many North and Central American species are visited by specialist bee pollinators, but other insects with more general feeding habits, such as honey bees, also visit.
Both sexes are green-yellow, with the male flowers about 0.7 cm and the female 0.5 cm in diameter. The most notable feature are the small pumpkin-shaped fruit, which are green at first before turning shades of white and pink. Divided into segments radially, they eventually split open to reveal bright red 0.5 cm seeds from November to April. [3] [4]
Pumpkins produce both a male and female flower, with fertilization usually performed by bees. [22] In America, pumpkins have historically been pollinated by the native squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa, but that bee has declined, probably partly due to pesticide (imidacloprid) sensitivity. [23]
Cucurbita moschata is a species originating in either Central America or northern South America. [2] It includes cultivars known as squash or pumpkin. C. moschata cultivars are generally more tolerant of hot, humid weather than cultivars of C. maxima or C. pepo.
Squash blossoms are highly perishable, and as such are rarely stocked in supermarkets. [2] Male and female squash blossoms can be used interchangeably, but picking only male flowers (leaving some for pollination) [3] allows the plant to also produce some fruit (squash).
Or, with bisexual and at least one of male and female flowers on the same plant. [2] Protandrous: (of dichogamous plants) having male parts of flowers developed before female parts, e.g. having flowers that function first as male and then change to female or producing pollen before the stigmas of the same plant are receptive. [6]
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Male and female flowers evolve from hermaphroditic flowers [19] via andromonoecy or gynomonoecy. [20]: 148 In amaranths monoecy may have evolved from hermaphroditism through various processes caused by male sterility genes and female fertility genes. [20]: 150 Monoecy may be an intermediate state between hermaphroditism and dioecy. [21]
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