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However, in some machines, if the frictional forces are high enough, no amount of load force can move it backwards, even if the input force is zero. This is called a self-locking, nonreversible, or non-overhauling machine. [31] These machines can only be set in motion by a force at the input, and when the input force is removed will remain ...
The rotational force applied to the screw is actually a torque =. Because of this, the input force required to turn a screw depends on how far from the shaft it is applied; the farther from the shaft, the less force is needed to turn it. The force on a screw is not usually applied at the rim as assumed above.
American Association for the Advancement of Science (1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195089868. Bruton, Sheila; Ong, Faye (2000). Science content standards for California public schools : kindergarten through grade twelve (PDF). Sacramento, Calif.: Dept. of Education. ISBN 978-0-8011-1496-0
Mechanical linkages are usually designed to transform a given input force and movement into a desired output force and movement. The ratio of the output force to the input force is known as the mechanical advantage of the linkage, while the ratio of the input speed to the output speed is known as the speed ratio. The speed ratio and mechanical ...
The input force from this equation is the force needed to hold the load motionless on the inclined plane, or push it up at a constant velocity. If the input force is greater than this, the load will accelerate up the plane. If the force is less, it will accelerate down the plane.
On the other hand, if the distance a from the fulcrum to the input force is less than the distance b from the fulcrum to the output force, then the lever reduces the input force. The use of velocity in the static analysis of a lever is an application of the principle of virtual work.
The SI unit of force is the newton (symbol N), which is the force required to accelerate a one kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second squared, or kg·m·s −2.The corresponding CGS unit is the dyne, the force required to accelerate a one gram mass by one centimeter per second squared, or g·cm·s −2. A newton is thus equal to ...
If a and b are distances from the fulcrum to points A and B and if force F A applied to A is the input force and F B exerted at B is the output, the ratio of the velocities of points A and B is given by a / b so the ratio of the output force to the input force, or mechanical advantage, is given by