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Any involution is a bijection.. The identity map is a trivial example of an involution. Examples of nontrivial involutions include negation (x ↦ −x), reciprocation (x ↦ 1/x), and complex conjugation (z ↦ z) in arithmetic; reflection, half-turn rotation, and circle inversion in geometry; complementation in set theory; and reciprocal ciphers such as the ROT13 transformation and the ...
Involutive negation (unary) can be added as an additional negation to t-norm logics whose residual negation is not itself involutive, that is, if it does not obey the law of double negation . A t-norm logic L {\displaystyle L} expanded with involutive negation is usually denoted by L ∼ {\displaystyle L_{\sim }} and called L {\displaystyle L ...
Nuitka (pronounced as / n juː t k ʌ / [2]) is a source-to-source compiler which compiles Python code to C source code, applying some compile-time optimizations in the process such as constant folding and propagation, built-in call prediction, type inference, and conditional statement execution.
This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
Pythran compiles a subset of Python 3 to C++ . [164] RPython can be compiled to C, and is used to build the PyPy interpreter of Python. The Python → 11l → C++ transpiler [165] compiles a subset of Python 3 to C++ . Specialized: MyHDL is a Python-based hardware description language (HDL), that converts MyHDL code to Verilog or VHDL code.
Negation As Failure (NAF, for short) is a non-monotonic inference rule in logic programming, used to derive (i.e. that is assumed not to hold) from failure to derive . Note that n o t p {\displaystyle \mathrm {not} ~p} can be different from the statement ¬ p {\displaystyle \neg p} of the logical negation of p {\displaystyle p} , depending on ...
In computer science, program synthesis is the task to construct a program that provably satisfies a given high-level formal specification.In contrast to program verification, the program is to be constructed rather than given; however, both fields make use of formal proof techniques, and both comprise approaches of different degrees of automation.
The polyhedral model (also called the polytope method) is a mathematical framework for programs that perform large numbers of operations -- too large to be explicitly enumerated -- thereby requiring a compact representation.